李少红：应鼓励女性题材电影创作交流******
中新网北京11月6日电 (马海燕 门睿)“从我自己的角度讲，我经历了改革开放前后的时代变迁，我的女性意识形成是一个从不自觉到自觉的过程。”谈及中国女性意识的觉醒，中国电影导演协会会长李少红近日做客中新社“东西问·中外对话”时表示，应该鼓励女性视角的现实题材作品，鼓励包括女性题材在内的中外现实题材电影展开交流。
李少红曾于1995年参加在北京举行的联合国第四次世界妇女大会，当时被外国参会者问及最多的问题是中国有多少女导演。她说，那时候被问到这个问题时觉得很奇怪，因为在中国这不是什么问题，光北京电影制片厂就有20多个女导演。
李少红表示，一直以来，中国对提高妇女的社会地位有很多政策性鼓励。中国有句口号叫“妇女能顶半边天”，在某种程度上让妇女有平等工作的机会和权利，同时也让性别差异意识降到最低。
在1995年世界妇女大会之后，李少红开始思考作为个体，女性的优势和创造力在哪。“这不应该是别人给你规定的，而应该是属于你自己的。从那之后我才觉得我们女性导演视角的存在是重要的，男女看待世界的视角应当共存，共同组成一个完整的对世界的认知。”
改革开放之后，中国女性更加关注和思考自己的存在价值，争取在社会上有更强的独立性。李少红在工作中也深有感触：“现在我和很多年轻女导演交流的时候，她们都没有我之前的那种困惑，她们非常自信地知道自己的存在、自己的优势在哪，自己想去创作的那些题材，从女性的视角出发，应该坚持什么。”
从《红粉》到《大明宫词》《橘子红了》，李少红一直都在女性题材方面探索创新。1995年《红粉》获得柏林电影节银熊奖-杰出成就奖，用女性题材表现时代变迁受到当时西方关注。她说，这也很影响了她以后的创作道路，不管是历史题材还是现实题材中都努力运用女性视角进行观察和表达，因此观众会在不同的历史戏《大明宫词》和年代戏《橘子红了》中，都能看到女性内心世界的成长。
李少红与张艾嘉、陈冲共同执导的《世间有她》今年9月上映。李少红表示，这部影片最大的特点还是三位导演都是女性，“我们从自身女性的角度出发，以女性的视角去观察生活，观察女人怎么处理她的情感和家庭问题。影片多元表现了普通妇女在普通的中国家庭中承担的角色，探讨女性的贡献从哪来，其实是从她们内心而来，这种东西应该珍惜。”(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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